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Yuefu Poetry
指漢代的樂府詩。“樂府”本是秦以后由朝廷設(shè)立的用來訓(xùn)練樂工、采集民歌并配器作曲的專門官署，后轉(zhuǎn)指由樂府機(jī)關(guān)所采集、配樂并由樂工演唱的民歌。樂府詩是繼《詩經(jīng)》之后古代民歌的一次創(chuàng)造，是與“詩經(jīng)”“楚辭”并列的詩歌形態(tài)。至今保存的漢樂府民歌有五六十首，大都真實反映了當(dāng)時社會生活的各個方面，表現(xiàn)出純真質(zhì)樸的思想感情，并由此形成反映普通民眾聲音與情感的文學(xué)創(chuàng)作傳統(tǒng)。其中最有特色與成就的是描寫女性生活的作品。漢代以后將可以入樂的詩歌及仿樂府古題而寫的詩歌統(tǒng)稱為樂府。
Yuefu (樂府) poems were written in the Han Dynasty. Originally, yuefu was a government office set up by the imperial court to train musicians, collect folk songs and ballads, compose music, and match musical instruments to it. It later came to refer to folk songs and ballads collected, matched with music, and played by court musicians. Poems of this style represented a new creation of ancient folk songs and ballads in the years after "The Book of Songs" was compiled, and equaled "The Book of Songs" and "Odes of Chu" in importance. About 50 to 60 yuefu poems have been handed down to this day. They truthfully depicted various aspects of society at the time and revealed genuine emotions, thus creating a literary tradition reflecting ordinary people's sentiments. In particular, yuefu poems were noted for their vivid depiction of women's life. All poems that could be chanted or were written with yuefu themes were collectively called yuefu poems in later times.
引例 Citations：
◎自孝武立樂府而采歌謠，于是有代、趙之謳，秦、楚之風(fēng)。皆感于哀樂，緣事而發(fā)……（《漢書·藝文志》）
自從漢武帝設(shè)立樂府并采集歌謠，這之后就有了代、趙之地的吟唱及秦、楚等地的民歌。它們都是受內(nèi)心悲喜情緒的影響或者受到某件事情的觸發(fā)而產(chǎn)生的……
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up an office to collect folk songs and ballads, folk songs from the Dai and Zhao regions, and ballads from the Qin and Chu regions could be heard. They were all created to express people's joy and sorrow or were inspired by certain events... (The History of the Han Dynasty)
◎樂府者，“聲依永，律和聲”也。（劉勰《文心雕龍·樂府》）
樂府詩，就是“隨詩的吟唱而有抑揚(yáng)疾徐的聲音變化，再用音律調(diào)和聲音”。
Yuefu poems vary in rhythm and tone and are accompanied by music when chanted. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
