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Revere the Fundamental and Dismiss the Specific
尊崇“本”以止息“末”，是對待“本”“末”關(guān)系的一種方式。王弼在解釋老子思想時(shí)提出了“崇本息末”的思想，與“崇本舉末”相對。這里的“本”指無形、無名者，即“道”；“末”指人為造作的各種形、名。“崇本息末”即是要發(fā)揮“道”或“無”的作用以實(shí)現(xiàn)萬物的自然，同時(shí)止息對人為造作的各種形名之物的追逐。在政治領(lǐng)域，“崇本”特指君主以“道”為依據(jù)，施行無為之治。君主通過“崇本”，止息有關(guān)道德、禮法的教化以及各種浮華、虛偽的言行。
This term deals with the relationship between the fundamental and the specific. In interpreting Laozi, Wang Bi put forth the idea of "revering the fundamental and dismissing the specific," as opposed to the idea of "revering the fundamental and keeping the specific unchanged." The fundamental here means Dao which is shapeless and nameless, while the specific refers to man-made things in various forms and names. The term "revere the fundamental and dismiss the specific" is meant to give full rein to Dao and void so as to maintain the inherent nature of all things and at the same time stop the pursuit of all kinds of man-made things in various forms and names. Politically, "revere the fundamental" means that a sovereign should govern on the basis of Dao and do nothing that goes against nature. At the same time, he should dismiss the rigid inculcation of moral values and rules and stop all false and pretentious rhetoric and behaviors.
引例 Citation：
◎故見素樸以絕圣智，寡私欲以棄巧利，皆崇本以息末之謂也。（王弼《老子指略》）
因此呈現(xiàn)素樸的言行以杜絕圣、智的運(yùn)用，減少對私欲的追求以摒棄巧、利的誘惑，這都是所說的“崇本息末”。
Saying simple ideas and doing practical deeds rather than following sagacity and dogma, rejecting the pursuit of selfishness and resisting the temptation of trickery and vanity: this is what revering the fundamental and dismissing the specific is about. (Wang Bi: An Outline of Laozi)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
