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百姓的生計(jì)或生活。百姓為了謀生，往往不辭辛勞。為政者對(duì)此應(yīng)予體恤，提供必要的生存條件以及政策、制度保障，而不可侵?jǐn)_、危害民生。這是治國(guó)理政、實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)長(zhǎng)治久安的基本前提。如果百姓生活困頓，衣食無著，就會(huì)有人鋌而走險(xiǎn)，這對(duì)執(zhí)政者來說也不是好事情?！鞍裁瘛钡母驹谟谥匾暡⒔鉀Q好民生問題。
The term means life or livelihood of the people. Earning a living is often hard. Rulers should show empathy, provide necessary conditions for survival, and draw up suitable policies and systems. They should not bully or harm the people. Good state governance as well as lasting social peace and stability are dependent on this. If life is too harsh and people lack food and shelter, there will be desperation and unrest which will not benefit the rulers either. Providing a decent livelihood is the key to a peaceful and contented populace.
引例 Citations：
◎民生在勤，勤則不匱。（《左傳·宣公十二年》）
百姓的生計(jì)在于勤勞，勤勞就不會(huì)匱乏。
People's livelihood comes from hard work, which in turn ensures no scarcity. (Zuo's Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals)
◎內(nèi)治缺而后戎馬生，民生促而后盜賊起。（計(jì)六奇《明季北略·卷十八·吳履中論二失》）
國(guó)內(nèi)治政有缺失，天下就會(huì)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)事；百姓生活窘迫，盜賊就會(huì)興起。
Failings in domestic governance lead to war; widespread poverty abets the rise of thieves and bandits. (Ji Liuqi: Local Historical Accounts from the North of the Late Ming Dynasty)
◎上天厚民生，則賦斂宜緩。（黃宗羲《明儒學(xué)案·蕺山學(xué)案·忠端劉念臺(tái)先生宗周》）
上天體恤百姓生活，所以執(zhí)政者向百姓征收賦稅應(yīng)該寬緩。
Heaven commiserates with the lives of the people, so rulers should impose lighter taxes. (Huang Zongxi: Commentaries on Writings of Famous Scholars of the Ming Dynasty)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
