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Extolment and Commendation
歌頌、贊揚美好的人物、事物、功德、品行等，并弘揚其積極意義和正面價值的文體?！绊灐北局竷x容，作為文體名稱，有“描摹儀容”“頌揚”雙重含義，意思是通過描寫儀容狀貌頌揚人的德行；“贊”是贊美，用于對人的功德或美好事物的贊美與評價。二者的共同點都是以歌頌贊美為宗旨，篇幅簡短，句式整齊，多用韻文。南朝劉勰高度推崇頌贊文學的思想性和教化功能，認為“頌”的對象已由神明、帝王擴展到普通人，“頌”的范圍已由國家大事擴展到一切美好事物；“贊”同時有評價的功用，通過積極、肯定的評價可以提升贊美的意義。在中國文學中，“頌”“贊”不僅可以獨立成文，而且常常附著于各類文藝、新聞作品，這些作品以歌頌或正面評價的方式，在中華思想文化系統(tǒng)中傳播著正能量。
Essays of extolment and commendation were written to pay tribute to laudable persons, things, merits and virtues, thus promoting their positive influence. The purpose of both an extolment and a commendation is to exalt good persons and things. Such essays are short, neatly patterned and rhymed. Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties valued the intellectual and educational value of extolment and commendation essays. He found that the objects of extolment had extended from gods, emperors and kings to ordinary people and the scope of extolment was no longer limited to state affairs; it had been extended to cover all beautiful things. To him, an essay of commendation also functions as an evaluation and a positive evaluation enhances the significance of commendation. In Chinese literature, writings of extolment or commendation are not only essays in their own right; they are sometimes attached to various literary works or even news reports. These works, through extolment and positive evaluation, promote the traditional Chinese thought and culture.
引例 Citation:
◎原夫頌惟典雅，辭必清鑠。敷寫似賦，而不入華侈之區(qū)；敬慎如銘，而異乎規(guī)戒之域。揄揚以發(fā)藻，汪洋以樹義。（劉勰《文心雕龍·頌贊》）
推求頌文的寫作，要求內(nèi)容典美雅正，文辭清新明麗。鋪敘描寫接近賦，但不會到過分華麗浮夸的地步；莊重謹慎如銘文，但又不同于后者的規(guī)勸警誡。它是本著頌揚的宗旨來展開文辭，著眼宏大的內(nèi)容來確立意義。
By definition, an essay of extolment should be refined and proper in content and refreshing and elegant in style. Its narration should resemble rhapsodic prose but should not indulge in verbosity. Its solemn and prudent style should resemble that of an epigraph but should not contain admonition. An essay of extolment is written to pay homage to the goodness of a person or a thing, focusing on major accomplishments to highlight its significance. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學 外語教學與研究出版社
責任編輯：錢耐安
