Chinese authorities have issued a set of guidelines to promote the sound development of the medical and health system in the country's rural areas. The document, released by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, stressed the importance of building a high-quality and efficient rural medical and healthcare system suited to the countryside so that residents enjoy access to fairer and more systematic medical services in their vicinity.

在江西省宜春市豐城市鐵路鎮(zhèn)楊坊村，村醫(yī)徐秋生（左二）與女兒（左一）上門為徐全香老人看?。?023年1月11日攝）。圖片來源：新華社

【知識點(diǎn)】

健全完善鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系，是筑牢億萬農(nóng)民群眾健康的“第一道防線”，是全面推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興的應(yīng)有之義。黨的十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央高度重視鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系建設(shè)，從完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件、人員隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行機(jī)制等方面采取一系列措施，持續(xù)提升鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)能力，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)民群眾公平享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)，農(nóng)村居民健康水平不斷提高。也要看到，鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系發(fā)展不平衡不充分問題依然突出，與農(nóng)民群眾日益增長的健康需求相比還有不小的差距。

《意見》對進(jìn)一步深化改革促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系健康發(fā)展進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)部署?！兑庖姟窂?qiáng)調(diào)，把鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作擺在鄉(xiāng)村振興的重要位置，以基層為重點(diǎn)，以體制機(jī)制改革為驅(qū)動(dòng)，加快縣域優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生資源擴(kuò)容和均衡布局，健全適應(yīng)鄉(xiāng)村特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效的鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系。

《意見》明確4項(xiàng)工作原則：一是堅(jiān)持和加強(qiáng)黨對鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生工作的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持鄉(xiāng)村基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)公益屬性，壓實(shí)地方特別是市縣兩級黨委和政府主體責(zé)任。二是堅(jiān)持強(qiáng)化醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生資源縣域統(tǒng)籌。強(qiáng)調(diào)改善基層基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件，推進(jìn)縣域醫(yī)共體建設(shè)。三是堅(jiān)持把人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)擺在重要位置。強(qiáng)調(diào)把工作重點(diǎn)放在農(nóng)村和社區(qū)，推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生向執(zhí)業(yè)（助理）醫(yī)師轉(zhuǎn)化，打造一支專業(yè)化、規(guī)范化鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍。四是堅(jiān)持進(jìn)一步深化體制機(jī)制改革。強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)籌解決好鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生收入和待遇保障問題，健全多勞多得、優(yōu)績優(yōu)酬的激勵(lì)制度，激發(fā)改革發(fā)展內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。

《意見》還提出了到2025年的目標(biāo)任務(wù)，即鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)功能布局更加均衡合理，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件明顯改善；鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生人才隊(duì)伍發(fā)展壯大，人員素質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)明顯優(yōu)化；鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系運(yùn)行機(jī)制進(jìn)一步完善，鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系改革發(fā)展取得明顯進(jìn)展。

【重要講話】

促進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源擴(kuò)容和區(qū)域均衡布局，堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主，加強(qiáng)重大慢性病健康管理，提高基層防病治病和健康管理能力。深化以公益性為導(dǎo)向的公立醫(yī)院改革，規(guī)范民營醫(yī)院發(fā)展。發(fā)展壯大醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生隊(duì)伍，把工作重點(diǎn)放在農(nóng)村和社區(qū)。

We will expand the availability of quality medical resources and ensure they are better distributed among regions. Giving priority to prevention, we will strengthen health management for major chronic diseases and enhance the capacity for disease prevention and treatment as well as health management at the community level. We will deepen reform of public hospitals to see that they truly serve the public interest and better regulate the development of private hospitals. We will build up the ranks of medical and healthcare personnel with an emphasis on rural areas and urban communities.

——2022年10月16日，習(xí)近平在中國共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國代表大會上的報(bào)告

【相關(guān)詞匯】

公共衛(wèi)生體系  public health system

鄉(xiāng)村振興  rural vitalization

來源：中國日報(bào)網(wǎng)

責(zé)任編輯：馬文慧