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章句 Textual Components / Annotation Work
主要含義有二：其一，漢語詩文中字詞、句、段、篇的統(tǒng)稱。南朝劉勰《文心雕龍》重點從寫作角度探討圍繞文章主題遣詞造句、安排段落、形成篇章的一般原則與方法。劉勰在強調(diào)立意高的前提下要求章句精雕細(xì)琢，啟示后人在寫作中自覺揣摩文法，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，展開文學(xué)批評和理論探討。其二，為古代一種注釋體著作名稱，意思是分章析句，主要對儒家經(jīng)典文本劃分段落，解釋其中的字詞并串講大意。如東漢王逸的《楚辭章句》、南宋朱熹的《大學(xué)章句》《中庸章句》等。
This term has two meanings. First, it means words, sentences, paragraphs, or an entire text. In his literary critique, The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties discussed the general principles and rules governing the wording, syntax, paragraphs arrangement and text composition in writing. While stressing the importance of writing for a worthy goal, he also called for meticulous depiction in terms of wording and textual composition. This provided a source of inspiration to writers of later generations to improve grammar, practice literary criticism and launch theoretical discussions on writing. Second, this term also means an ancient annotative work showing how to divide a text into paragraphs and analyze syntax. Such works discuss paragraph arrangement in the Confucian classics, explain the meanings of words and expressions, and offer a general interpretation of the text. Typical examples are Annotations on The Odes of Chu by Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as well as Annotations on The Great Learning and Annotations on The Doctrine of the Mean by Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty.
引例 Citations:
◎空守章句，但誦師言，施之世務(wù)，殆無一可。（顏之推《顏氏家訓(xùn)·勉學(xué)》）
空守著書卷，只會背誦老師的話，如果用之處理實際事務(wù)，只怕一點兒也派不上用場。
If one can only recite words and sentences taught by the teacher, what he has learned is of little value in handling matters in real life. (Yan Zhitui: Admonitions for the Yan Clan)
◎夫人之立言，因字而生句，積句而成章，積章而成篇。篇之彪炳，章無疵也；章之明靡，句無玷也；句之清英，字不妄也。振本而末從，知一而萬畢矣。（《文心雕龍·章句》）
人們從事寫作，總是由字詞組成句子，由句子組成段落，由段落組成篇章。要想整篇文章綻放光彩，必須保證每個段落都沒有缺陷；要想每個段落明白細(xì)密，必須保證每個句子都沒有缺陷；要想每個句子清新優(yōu)美，每個字詞就不能亂用。樹根搖動了枝葉一定跟著顫動，懂得這個基本道理，就能寫好一切文章了。
When writing, one starts with words and sentences; then he proceeds to build paragraphs, until a full text is composed. To make a piece of writing a good one, one should see that each paragraph is without flaws; to make each paragraph clear and well-organized, one should ensure that each sentence has no flaws; to make each sentence refreshing and beautiful, one should make careful use of each word or expression. It is just like when the roots of a tree are shaken, all the branches and leaves will tremble. Once this rule is observed, it will be easy to compose a good piece of writing. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
